Child Pornography On Internet Essay Example For Students

Kid Pornography On Internet Essay In this new time of Information, the Internet has made a wide range of informationreadily accessible. A portion of this data can be exceptionally valuable, some can bemalicious. Kid sex entertainment, otherwise called Pedophilia is one of theseproblems. Any one individual can discover youngster sex entertainment on the web with just afew snaps of the mouse utilizing any web index. In spite of website admins and lawenforcement authorities endeavors to control youngster sex entertainment and shut downillegal destinations, new locales are presented utilizing a few different ways on cover their character. The Internet gives another world to inquisitive youngsters. It offers entertainment,opportunities for training, data and correspondence. The Internet is atool that opens a window of chances. As Internet use develops, so do therisks of kids being presented to wrong material, in particular,criminal action by pedophiles and kid pornographers. Numerous kids firstcome in contact with the Internet at a youthful age. A few kids becomevictims of youngster sex entertainment through close family members who may have manhandled them. A few kids become engaged with visit administrations or newsgroup strings. It isusually through these locales that they meet youngster pornographers. Kids may beasked to send express pictures of themselves taken either by an advanced cameraor filtered from a polaroid. The pornographer will at that point post the photos ontheir site, some of the time concealing them through encryption, steganography orpassword securing them utilizing a javascript or applet. Certain endeavors have beenmade to control youngster erotic entertainment through enactment. In 1977 the SexualExploitation of Children Act was placed into Legislation. (U.S. Code : Title 18,Section 2251-2253) The law restricts the utilization of a minor really taking shape ofpornography, the vehicle of a kid across state lines, the taking of apornographic image of a minor, and the creation and course of materialsadvertising youngster sex entertainment. It likewise forbids the exchange, deal, purchase,and receipt of minors when the motivation behind such exchange, deal, buy, orreceipt is to utilize the kid or youth in the creation of youngster sex entertainment. Thetransportation, importation, shipment, and receipt of kid erotic entertainment by anyinterstate implies, including via mail or PC, is likewise precluded. The ChildProtection Act of 1984 (U.S. Code : Title 18, Section 2251-2255) characterizes anyoneyounger than the age of 18 as a youngster. Along these lines, an explicitly unequivocal photographof anybody 17 years old or more youthful is youngster sex entertainment. On November 7, 1986,the U.S. Congress instituted the Child Sexual Abuse and Pornography Act (U.S. Code: Title 18, Section 2251-2256) that prohibited the creation and use ofadvertisements for kid erotic entertainment and incorporated an arrangement for common remediesof individual wounds endured by a minor who is a casualty. It likewise raised theminimum sentences for recurrent wrongdoers from detainment of at the very least twoyears to d etainment of at least five years. On November 18, 1988, theU.S. Congress sanctioned the Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act (U.S. Code : Title 18, Section 2251-2256) that made it unlawful to utilize a PC totransmit notices or visual delineations of kid erotic entertainment and itprohibited the purchasing, selling, or in any case acquiring impermanent guardianship orcontrol of youngsters to deliver kid sex entertainment. On November29, 1990, the U.S. Congress authorized US Code : Title 18, Section 2252 creation it afederal wrongdoing to have at least three delineations of kid sex entertainment that weremailed or transported in interstate or outside trade or that were delivered usingmaterials that were sent or dispatched using any and all means, including by PC. Withthe section of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, it is a felony foranyone utilizing the mail, interstate or remote business, to convince, instigate, orentice any individual more youthful than the age of 18 to participate in any sexual demonstration forwhich the individual might be criminally arraigned. The Child Pornography PreventionAct of 1996 cha nges the meaning of youngster sex entertainment to incorporate that whichactually portrays the sexual direct of genuine minor kids and that whichappears to be a delineation of a minor taking part in sexual lead. Computer,photographic, and copy innovation is incredibly skilled at making andaltering pictures that have been transformed to look like youngsters eventhough those captured may have really been grown-ups. Individuals who alterpornographic pictures to seem as though youngsters would now be able to be indicted under the law. .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f , .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f .postImageUrl , .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f , .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f:hover , .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f:visited , .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f:active { border:0!important; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f:active , .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f:hover { haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u f4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf4a0caf91cf49580b9c6408805a6aa7f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Thomas Hobbes Essay ThesisAbstracts for these laws can be found at http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/18/. The present enactment set up at the government and state level unmistakably defineschild erotic entertainment, and the standard condemning for wrongdoers. It likewise clearlydefines a minor and what movement including a minor is unlawful. What thelegislation doesn't do is set the gauges for retreival of proof from anelectronic gadget, to be specific PCs. Likewise, the present enactment doesn't setstandards for unscrambling kid erotic entertainment that is ensured. One model is theuse of Steganography. Steganography utilizes a bitstream calculation to hideinformation as crude parallel code inside different records appropriate to holdinformation. The most normally utilized type of Steganography utilizes the leastsignificant bit of a bitmap picture to store for all intents and purposes any sort of data. Each three bytes in a bitmap document speaks to a pixel. Each of these bytesrepresents a degree of red, blue or green. Since there are eight bits in a byte,there can be up to 256 distinct mixes of 1s and 0s of every a solitary byte. On account of a bitmap, every one of a kind blend of 1s and 0s speaks to alevel of red, blue or green. At the point when the hues are joined, there is thepossibility of 256^3 or 4,294,967,296 various hues. So as to hideinformation inside a bitmap document, the record where you need to shroud must becopied bit for bit into the last piece of every byte in the bitmap record. This willchange every pixel of the bitmap record at the most by 1/2,097,152, depending onwhether the bit being replicated is equivalent to the bit it is supplanting. Since thehuman eye can just genuinely recognize a normal of 250 differentcolors, a distinction of 1/2,097,152 is vague. Since only one bitof the objective bitmap is being utilized to store data, the source document can atmost be 1/8 of the size of the objective record. On account of a bitmap, a highresolution picture can undoubtedly hold a lower goals picture that may containchild erotic entertainment. Legitimately, if a bitmap picture is found to conta in a covered up imageusing steganography, there is no lawful system for extricating that evidencefor a legal dispute. The indictment would need to by one way or another disclose howsteganography attempts to a jury, and to the appointed authority, and would need to demonstrate in some way or another that the data found did in actuality originate from that bitmap record. As of now, proof found thusly is prohibited in court on the grounds that thereis no enactment managing this sort of proof. Likewise, there is no standardapproved programming that will translate these records. There are a few softwareprograms promptly accessible on the web which will encode or decodeinformation utilizing the least critical piece calculation. One model is calledHide and Seek. Anybody can get this product for nothing out of pocket, making it easyfor youngster pornographers to conceal their work. Another issue is unlawful materialthat is put away on a remote PC. On the off chance that the culprit of kid pornographydoes not own the PC that the material is put away on, it would be difficultfor law authorization authorities to acquire

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 29

Contextual investigation Example Every one of the medical clinics has their own interesting society that can either help or forestall the adapting capacity of the representatives with the pressure of working in their requesting surroundings. As the person accountable for mingling the new medical caretakers, I would initially impart the ideal practices through either composed or verbal correspondence. I would guarantee that I good example the necessary practices on consistent schedule. I would likewise build up a mentorship program for them to urge them to participate in a two-manner correspondence and manufacture trust in them in their initial vocation. This will guarantee that they stay roused constantly. I would likewise make an opportunity for about hardly any hours to offer them a reprieve from their works and cause them to feel restored. There are different difficulties that emergency clinics face while making a culture that helps in the decrease and the executives of worry among the representatives. One of them is that they need to concoct an imaginative methodology of guaranteeing that they oversee on the time spent on persuading representatives. The explanation is that the emergency clinic needs to proceed with its ordinary tasks while the steady culture is as yet going on. Along these lines, they need to isolate the workers into movements to take them out in shifts for example, and this can be exorbitant over the long haul. Besides, a few emergency clinics do not have the necessary time to propel their representatives in the necessary levels. This is thinking about that medical clinic attendants, specialists and attendants are feeling the squeeze on schedule and they need to concentrate on patients. On the off chance that the medical clinic needs enough number of attendants, specialists and staff, at that point t hinking of a hierarchical culture to lessen and oversee feelings of anxiety in the emergency clinic may be troublesome (Ivancevich, Konopaske, and Matteson, 2013). There was a sure association that I worked for that had lacking representatives. The couple of representatives that worked there had high-feelings of anxiety and needed to manage a great deal in the association setting. In this manner, the

Native Or Non-native English Speaker Teacher Of English Essay

Native Or Non-native English Speaker Teacher Of English Essay Native Or Non-native English Speaker Teacher Of English â€" Essay Example > English speaking languagesEnglish is a language with great influence globally. It is taught widely all over the world under different conditions and rules. In developed countries, English teaching has evolved in two broad directions. This include for use in instruction of the foreign people intending to live in the country and for the advancement of the knowledge of the people living in the country. Teaching English as a language has followed distinct training qualifications. It has formed a separate professional association, which is a nongovernmental organization geared in seeking to further professional knowledge of interested group of individuals and for public interest. These two broad arms have different funding structures which influences the way English as a language is taught in schools and in colleges. It also influence the way schools are established. Teaching English as a language is important in achieving the goal of cross-cultural and Trans cultural communication whi ch is important in fulfilling the demands of people who want to improve their English proficiency (Anchimbe, 2006). English as a foreign language (EFL) courses indicates the use of English language in a non- English speaking region. Study can occur in the home country of the students as part of the curriculum EFL courses are taken to pass an exam or as a necessity in ones education. It may be part of the school curriculum or as part of the foreign language. Teachers of EFL generally assume that the student learning English are literate as they use it as their mother tongue. ESL is learnt to function in the country as a necessity to function in the day-to-day communication. Language teachers often assume that difficulties that learners face in English are because of the degree of variation between native countries. Most people who teach English are native English speakers. They are schoolteachers and hold relevant teaching qualification in their countries. Problems exist because of poor qualifications of the teachers and poor training provided by institutions. Speaking the right English is important in the advancement of careers. Studies have shown that most people who have an advanced knowledge in English are able to advance in their careers. Many factors affect the level of delivery when teaching English language these factors include the cultural difference between the teacher and students, the socio economic background and the communicative power of the teacher. The teacher has to have a past teaching experience in order to qualify to be the best teacher for ESL. The teachers' attitude affects the level of performance of students. Teachers should be optimistic, and they should exercise patience on the students learning English as a foreign language as it is not an easy task (Mahboob, 2006, p. 63). There are stereotypes that take for granted that native speakers are the best person to teach English. This assumption has left little room for the non-native teachers. The following examples are able to show that the non-native teaches have some advantages over the native teachers. Attitudes necessary for an English teacher should be a positive attitude that will encourage students to learn English more efficiently and effectively. Pessimistic attitude that is prevalent in some teachers is not acceptable and it makes the learning process difficult for the ESL students, as they will tend to conclude that English language is difficult (Phillipson, 1992, p. 14).

Meaning of Ahimsa Essay - 1980 Words

Meaning of Ahimsa Ahimsa is a Sanskrit term that translates roughly into non-injury to living beings or dynamic harmlessness. Ahimsa tends to evoke images of monks wearing cloths over their faces to avoid breathing microscopic beings and sweeping the insects off the path in front of them as they walk so they wont accidentally crush one under their feet. One cannot easily live in todays world without causing some harm to other beings - but that does not mean we shouldnt try to keep it to a minimum. There are some relatively easy steps you can take to reduce the suffering in your wake. Practice of Ahimsa develops love. Ahimsa is another name for truth or love.†¦show more content†¦Ahimsa is the pivot and all virtues revolve around Ahimsa. Just as all footprints are accommodated in those of the elephant, so also do all religious rules become merged in the great vow of Ahimsa. Ahimsa is soul-force. Hate melts in the presence of love. Hate dissolves in the presence of Ahimsa. There is no power greater than Ahimsa. The practice of Ahimsa develops will power to a considerable degree. The practice of Ahimsa will make you fearless. He, who practices Ahimsa with real faith, can move the whole world, can tame wild animals and can win the hearts of all his enemies. He can do and undo things. The power of Ahimsa is infinitely more wonderful and subtler than electricity or magnetism. The law of Ahimsa is as much exact and precise as the law of gravitation. You must know the correct way to apply it intelligently and with scientific accuracy. If you are able to apply it with precision, you can work wonders. You can command the elements and Nature as well. Forms of Ahimsa Only the ordinary people think that Ahimsa is not to hurt any living being physically. The vow of Ahimsa is broken even by showing contempt towards another man, by entertaining unreasonable dislike for or prejudice towards anybody, by frowning at another man, by hating another man, by abusing another man, by speaking ill of others, byShow MoreRelatedGandy and the Ahimsa Philosophy Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagesbeliefs developed in the search of truth and non violence, or ahimsa, the opposite being himsa. Ahimsa is simply defined as to not injure, and himsa defined as to injure. Ahimsa is also referred to as nonviolence, according to many religions (Indian) it applies to all living beings including. â€Å"Ahimsa is a comprehensive principle. We are helpless mortals caught in the conflagration of himsa. The saying that life lives on life has a deep meaning in it. Man cannot for a moment live without consciouslyRead MoreGandhi Satyagraha1402 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violenc e, and finally, we will take a look at the application of Satyagraha in terms of the Indian liberation. The Roots of  ¡Ã‚ ®Satyagraha ¡Ã‚ ¯ The word Satyagraha is derived from the Sanskrit words sat which means truth and agraha, meaning firmness ¡Ã‚ ±, giving meaning to what Gandhi liked to call  ¡Ã‚ °holding on to truth ¡Ã‚ ± or  ¡Ã‚ °soul-force (Easwaran, 48). As Gandhi explains in his autobiography, the principles of Satyagraha came into existence long before the actual term was conceived. Therefore itRead MoreGandhis Philosophy of Non-Violence818 Words   |  4 Pageshistory and fittingly has a place in the pantheon of the visionaries who changed the world. His philosophies of ahimsa and satyagraha, meaning non violence and non violent resistance respectively as a form of civil resistance and disobedience is one of the most prominent and most renowned for its massive implementations throught history. 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Mahatma Gandhi, originally named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, says he was recognised and received the title â€Å"Mahatma† (meaning great soul) by following 2 of these virtues. He practiced â€Å"Ahimsa†-- meaning non violence of one s actions, words, and thoughts-- and â€Å"Satya†-- m eaning truth. MahatmaRead MorePersonal Worldview Inventory : Spirituality961 Words   |  4 Pagesopinion, spirituality is the way of existing in the society and the world because every human being learn to adjust in the society from their religious beliefs and value systems which are unique among various people. Spirituality helps to find the meaning of different circumstances of the individual’s life, which provides better solution of any problem in their life. Similarly, spirituality explains the human boundaries which promotes the safety and belongingness among various people. Also it is theRead MoreJainism Is The Last Of The Great Teachers1575 Words   |  7 Pageswords and imagery, the Jains have put many of them into a different context. Some of the main symbols and meanings of those symbols for Jainism include the shape of human torso which represents the shape of universe. The small arc at the top of the Jain emblem representing the realm of heaven. The three dots depicting the â€Å"three jewels†, which themselves stand for major tenants of Jainism: Ahimsa: non-violence; all things deserve to live evolve as they can Aparigrapha: non-attachment, â€Å"travel light

Human Resource Development - 963 Words

6. Few HRD professionals would disagree that practice plays an important role in learning and retention. Using your knowledge of the conditions of practice, what sort of practice do you think would be most effective for training mechanics in a new installation procedure for automobile air-conditioners? How about for training new managers to comply with a new Employee Assistant Programme Act. Jon M. Werner and Randy L. DeSimone in their book Human Resource Management defined Human Resource Development as a set of systematic and planned activities designed by an organization to provide its members with the opportunity to learn necessary skills to meet current and future job demands. The business dictionary defines it as training an†¦show more content†¦Secondly for the mechanics to continually retain the information being learned there should be little or no interference or it should be taken into consideration when training. This meaning that sometimes the knowledge of the old procedure might affect the way the mechanics learn the new procedure also if new steps are added while installing the air conditioner in a different vehicle it can cause confusion in the learning process. The case of the new Employee Assistant Programme Act, since it is an act where information may be presented in a document and the managers can always refer to it when needed, I would suggest using the conditions of active practice. This being the Employees Assistance Programme Act would be something that they would have to implement everyday so it would certainly give the managers the opportunity to perform the task and use the knowledge being used. Also because there is no real step by step process of implementing the act then the conditions of a massed practice session can be put in place, for example a meeting can be held where all managers are taught and given an explanation of the act and why it is necessary, as well as the document of the act where they can refer to when needed. By giving an explanation and ensure the managers what is the purpose and the reason for the Employee Assistant Programme Act , it leaves room for better retention since they are aware of the meaningfu lness of they are being taught. AlsoShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Development1748 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource management entails managing recruitment, planning, and implementing a selection of organizational development training within the business. The goals that the HRM has is maximizing the productivity of the workplace by improving the effectiveness of their employees while at one time improving and treating the work life of employees as valuable resources. Human resources development: To encompasses the efforts to promote personal development, the company’s employee satisfaction, andRead MoreHuman Resource Development2731 Words   |  11 Pages1. Introduction of Study: Human Resource Development (HRD) at micro level or organizational level is a process by which employees of an organization are helped in systematic and continuous way to: Develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge and abilities. 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Consequently, it is important to develop a strategic plan which e ncompasses the various factors that are involvedRead MoreDevelopment Of Human Resource Management Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesReview â€Å"Thirty-two years of development of human resource management in China: Review and prospects† (Shuming Zhao, Juan Du, 2012) is a journal paper that concentrating on the hypothetical advancements and practical applications of HRM, it first audits the move of HRM in China from planned labor force allocation to current HR management in three particular eras since China s reformation and opening-up. After, it analyzes and discusses the difficulties of human resource management research and itsRead MoreHuman Resource Planning and Development3902 Words   |  16 PagesHuman Resource Planning and Development Md. Helal Uddin Business Administration Discipline Khulna University 2010 Md. 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Sustainable Transport Policy Free Essays

1. Developing Countries and Transportation Transportation in developing countries is considered to be a significant influence on major global issues, many of which are associated with the state of the environment and of human life. According to Gwilliam (2003), developing countries â€Å"are taken to be those that qualify as borrowing members of the World Bank, including the transitional economies†, but the developed countries â€Å"are taken to be the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries, excluding Mexico†. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Transport Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cities within developing countries are different in their economic, political and demographic aspects. However, economic improvement can lead to growth in the road and transport infrastructure but vehicle ownership slows this rate (Gwilliam, 2003). The existing city structure and political history means that most of these cities are unable to provide efficient mass transports services due to â€Å"scatter pockets† (Gwilliam, 2003). The quickly increasing population is related with a below average proportion of the land that is allocated for transport. Whilst other sectors, such as education and sanitation, improve with economic progress, transportation problems can be seen to worsen with economic development (Transport Policy Advisory services, 2010). It can be difficult to examine common urban transportation issues in developing countries due to the contribution of interlinked trends in its operations. For instance, one of the important trends is population growth; the population density rate in urban areas was almost 45% in 1995 and it is expected to increase to 60% by 2025; developing countries have a massive share of this rate of about 90% (Road Management Engineering Journal, 1998). Furthermore, any increase in the population leads to an increase in transport problems, such as car ownership – which has risen in developing countries in recent years along with an increase in the number of personally owned cars; this also relates to economic growth (Gakenheimer, 1999). The number of vehicles with two or three wheels is also rising, especially in Asia (Gwilliam, 2003). These vehicles are characterized by easy mobility and affordability, but they are also a primary source of pollution (Abuhamoud et al., 2011). The absence of suitable public transportation to match the population growth is another issue. This failure to develop these services is associated to its contrast with capital costs. Hence, another phenomenon emerges which is a city’s sporadic growth without following a regular pattern. It makes it difficult for people to gain use from mass transportation and means that the city needs additional provisions for public transport and to improve the access to transport. However, these transportation trends are influenced strongly by environmental and social standards which are completely linked to life quality and production. These involve â€Å"congestion, energy consumption, air pollution, and traffic crashes† (Road Management Engineering Journal, 1998). 2. Transport problems The fundamental social and economic actions are people’s mobility and commodities. For this purpose, cars and trucks are the most common and important means of transportation used worldwide and their numbers have grown massively in developing countries; especially in cities where conventional transport is incompatible with the city structure development and road infrastructure. Consequently, the system is exposed to a number of problems (Transport Policy Advisory services, 2010). According to Gwilliam (2003), the problems of transport systems in developing countries are traffic congestion, environmental issues, safety and poverty. 2.1. Congestion This phenomenon is common in developing countries, especially in megacities. The rate of urban growth and increasing car ownership has produced excessive congestion in developing countries. Few cities reach the rate of car use and congestion as those in developed countries, according to the per capita income (Kutzbach, 2009). As Gwilliam (2003) states, congestion makes a reduction in the average travel speed in the daytime in the city centre. For instance, in Bangkok, Manila, Mexico and Shanghai it dropped to 10km/hr or less, and 15km/hr or less in Kuala Lumpur and Sau Paulo. These resulted in increased travel time and a decrease in accessibility. In Rio de Janeiro and Bogota the average travel in one-way roads is 107 and 90 minutes respectively (Gakenheimer, 1999). Notwithstanding this, the number of cars in the majority of developing countries did not exceed 100 cars per 1000 persons, while in developed countries this has overtaken 400 cars per 1000 persons (Kutzbach, 2009). Car ow nership growth in non-OECD countries is conceivable to be faster than population growth; it reaches 15-20% (Gwilliam, 2003). According to Abuhamoud et al. (2011) there is a complex relationship between urban growth and transport services. Currently about 50% of the population live in cities and this is raising increasingly, and developing countries share approximately 95% of this growth (Candiracci, 2009). It has also to be shown that as the city grows, the distance from home to the worksite is increasing with a lack of appropriate transport and road facilities (Abuhamoud et al., 2011). As a result, car ownership and congestion is inevitable. In this context, Africa makes up about 14% of the planet’s population, equivalent to about one billion people; in 2007 the urban population rate was 38.7% with the change of 2% per year from 2005 to 2010, and the increase of vehicles during these 5 years was observed. Urbanization could be observed at a higher level in North Africa, which was more than 80% and in Libya, South Africa and Botswana more than 55% but the countries still faced a lack of road facilit ies and poor vehicle quality (Abuhamoud, ibid). This type of urbanization can also be noticed in Asia. For example, China is exposed to a rapid urban growth which is currently about 43% and is associated with the country’s rapid economic growth. It is expected that this figure will increase to 70% in 2050. This is due to people’s immigration into urban areas which will affect the economy because the city energy consumption will be higher than rural areas. This will also be another factor contributing to the overall city congestion (Cheng and Hu, 2009). As Dargay at el., (2007) presents, the overall vehicle stock was 0.8 billion in 2002, but this is expected to increase to about 2 billion in 2030, of which 56% of vehicles will be owned by developing countries; this was 24% in 2002. Consequently, vehicle ownership growth may cause excessive congestion which can lead to side effects on the transportation system. Much more can be done to combat congestion, such as: encouraging markets to be more active in supplying goods in active areas; improving transport quality between cities; stopping transport subsidies in cities; improving road management and structure by devoting a sufficient land for roads; improving traffic management and improving planning institutions (Gwilliam, 2003). According to Kutzbach (2009), reducing costs and the wait period in bus stations by rising bus frequency can cause an increase in bus users, and then mass transit would be improved and congestion will decrease. Also, improving rail transport could offer a further option (Gakenheimer, 1999). 2.2. Environment problems Transport and movement have a direct impact on the environment of cities in developing countries. As a result, it impacts on human health. According to studies conducted in Bangkok, Cairo, Mexico City, Quito and Santiago, small matter particles are common and when their volume is less than 2.5 microns of lead this can inflict serious damages to the public health. In addition to this, the level of NO2 is still lower then WHO guidelines outline and there is also a high level of SO2 that is coming from increased coal use. This can damage the ozone which can be considered another threat to people’s health, especially in Mexico City and Santiago (Gwilliam, 2003). According to Transport Policy Advisory services (2010), transport growth and congestion leads to an increasing in the consumption of oil which means an increase in CO2 emissions which directly causes environmental pollution. As Candiracci (2009) states, pollution can cause the of death of people worldwide; for instance, about 6500 people in Mexico and 170000 to 280000 a year in China are facing life threatening situations because of these conditions. Furthermore, urban transportation is the main cause of increasing noise which is another type of pollution. Transport contributes about 25% of overall energy using and is continually increasing. The CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2004 have grown by almost 36.5% and it is expected to increase to approximately 140% in 2050 with the greatest increase coming from developing nations (Transport Policy Advisory services, 2010). CO2 emission from vehicles did not exceed 6% in tons; however, it impacts 32% of people. Urban transport is the main sourc e for 80-90% of lead spreads in these cities (Gwilliam, 2003). Additionally, there are a large number of motorcycles with 2 to 3 wheels which provides a wide range of transportation needs in Africa. For example, in Togo these vehicles provide 80% of transportation requirements, but also pollute the environment (Abuhamoud et al., 2011). It is also common in most Asian cities where it makes up about 75% of the fleet in Hanoi (Gwilliam, 2003). Generally, the poor environment condition is an outcome of the high levels of congestion in developing countries. The structure of today’s transport seems unsatisfactory in the sustainability point of view, this is mainly by the reason of its disadvantages to the environment and to humanity’s health (Transport Policy Advisory services, 2010). The environment can be improved by working to improve the quality of vehicles, implementing the honest â€Å"inspection and maintenance (I/M) programme†, using new motorcycle technology, improving system management and non-motorized modes, and running the â€Å"own-price elasticity for gasoline consumption† (Gwilliam, 2003). 2.3. Safety Safety is also another problem of transport systems in developing countries that is directly related to transport crashes and criminal accidents which occur on roads or its surrounding. The amount of people who are fatally injured due to road transport accidents is almost one million people annually, while 85% of this figure is in developing countries and 50% in urban areas. However, pedestrians and cyclists are exposed to safety issues much more than cars and those who ride on mass transport such a buses and trains. Accidents can remain a side effect on the victim’s psychological state and can affect the rate of travel and journeys made (Gwilliam, 2003). The bad quality of roads and vehicles in developing countries are the main reasons for safety problems, environment pollution, and congestion. For instance, the roads in the majority of cities in Africa are congested with motorcycles, which is the vehicle that is involved in the most accidents. This is primarily because a dri ver license for a motorcycle is not mandatory in this country (Abuhamoud et al., 2011). Public safety is also influenced by other aspects of road transport, such as air pollution, which is directly related to human health. Another impact on safety is insufficient pedestrian space which should be as far as the road space. This has been applied in most cities in China. The deficiency of bicycle paths in developing countries also decreases road safety (Transport Policy Advisory services, 2010). However, transport safety and security can be improved by considering a number of interactive approaches. Studies indicate that most traffic accidents in developing countries occur in the mid-link of roads and at junctions (Gwilliam, 2003). Therefore, road safety can be enhanced through improving road quality and developing road space that is suitable enough for all road users. 2.4. Poverty The distributional impacts of transport developments which have declined to an unusual degree are another significant issue faced in developing countries. Poor people live in areas that have a lack of transportation facilities. Poor people depend on walking although and public transport services are not as required, therefore, walking or non-motorised vehicles such as bicycles are the main modes of transportation (Gwilliam, 2003). Poorer people tend to make fewer trips poor, take longer on their journeys and have worse safety. Studies have shown that in poorer areas there are 20 to 30% fewer journeys. These journeys take longer due to the lack of roads and transport for pedestrians at all times. The poor people in Rio de Janeiro spend on average more than 3 hours commuting to reach the worksite (Transport Policy Advisory services, 2010). Better safety for poorer people can be achieved through the introduction of a number of actions such as the provision of better quality transport which can increase the opportunity for poor people to access jobs, also improving the non-motorised and pedestrians’ path surface and pavement design could help safety issues. Subsidizing the public transport sector to raise attention to public passengers and their available means of transport would also help benefit poor people, as would the construction of non-motorised transport network in cities (Gwilliam, 2003). 3. Transport and life As the Transport Policy Advisory services (2010) states, the concept of urban transport problems appears to be important because it is directly linked to the sensitive and essential spheres of life, such as the environment, society and economy. The transport can impact the environment through pollution emissions, especially in urban areas. Thus, it affects biodiversity. Transport impacts social life because it is strictly associated with accessibility levels, clean air, noise effect, and traffic accidents. However, there is also a strong relationship between transport and the economy in which it impacts on goods and people’s mobility. Accordingly, in implementing any program for the purpose of transport sustainability it should be taken into account what necessitates the satisfaction of all these elements. 4. Transportation and the Future 4.1 Climate Change The transport sector is defined as a rapid growth source of greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the monumental increase of motorization and car ownerships has influenced economic growth which leads to the occurrence of a big change in greenhouse gas emissions, where this increase then causes global warming and climate change (Wright and Fulton, 2005). Climate change may be seen as a considerable problem which faces transportation currently and also in the future (Chapman, 2007). However, while there are modes of public and non-motorized transport in developing cities, the poor quality of public transport and the inadequate service for non-motorized and pedestrians encourages people’s tendency to use private cars (Gwilliam, 2003). This then causes an increase in greenhouse gas emissions which represent a main reason of climate change occurrence. According to Wright and Fulton (2005), the greenhouse emissions from the transport sector globally is estimated to be about 24% , which grows 2.1% annually, and grows 3.5% in developing countries. It is expected to increase by about 30% by 2030. Therefore, the impacts may include dramatic weather changes, increasing sea-levels, floods and health risks in the long-term. Therefore developing countries should work to sustain the current public and non-motorised transport to develop future sustainable transport. As the Road Management Engineering Journal (1998) states, to mitigate the impacts of climate change in the future by 2050, the CO2 emissions needs to be cut by 50% globally. This goal can be achieved through â€Å"improving fuel technology† and finding a â€Å"mode-shifting solution† (Wright and Fulton, 2005). 4.2. Peak Oil Peak oil is another issue worth mentioning. It is strongly related to transportation in terms of fuel consumption. In 2003 the rate of demand of oil increased by 3% which is equivalent to about 101 million barrels annually (Aleklett, 2007). The decline in production of oil in the three greatest exporters – Saudi Arabia, Russia and Norway – is estimated to be 4 to 6 million barrels per day by 2030, and the implications of an enormous oil shortage will appear in the transportation sector by the same year (Aleklett, 2007). Human health is influenced by these changes in economic and social aspects, more than which results from policy interferences. However, the peak oil impacts on the economy in terms of increasing the demand and price of oil, also impacts on increasing transport prices and the freight of food, goods and medicine. Therefore, it can create a health crisis even if half of the spare oil has been spent. In contrast to this, there are positive impacts such as the reduction of congestion and pollution emissions which can reduce climate change (Hanlon and McCartney, 2008). Conclusion: It is felt that transportation problems vary from other problems plaguing the developing countries due to it is worsening with economic development. Vehicle ownership growth may cause excessive congestion which leads to side effects on the transportation system wholly. The congestion can be reduced through improving the road quality and public transport, thereby increasing safety and decreasing environment pollution. The environment can be improved by improving vehicle quality, implementing the inspection and maintenance system (I/M), using new motorcycle technology, non-motorized modes, and running the own-price elasticity for gasoline. It is recommended that implementing any program for the purpose of transport sustainability should take into consideration the elements affecting the environment, society and the economy. It is recommended that developing countries should work to keep the current public and non-motorised transport running, in order to developing future sustainable transport and to protect the climate and the energy. References Abuhamoud, M. A. A., Rahmat, R. A. O. K., Ismail, A. (2011). Transportation and its concerns in Africa: A review. The Social Sciences 6(1), pp. 51-63. [online] http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/medwelljournals/sscience/2011/51-63.pdf [accessed October 22th 2013]. Aleklett, K. (2007). Peak oil and the evolving strategies of oil importing and exporting countries (No. 2007-17). Discussion paper. [online] http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DiscussionPaper17.pdf [accessed October 26th 2013]. Candiracci, S. (2009). Climate change, urbanization and sustainable urban transport in developing country cities. Energy transport Policies Section. [online] http://www.unhabitat.org/downloads/docs/7997_10872_Sara%20Candiracci.pdf [accessed October 24th 2013]. Chapman, L. (2007). Transport and climate change: a review. Journal of transport geography, 15(5), pp. 354-367. [online] http://www.boku.ac.at/fileadmin/_/nachhaltigkeit/Klimafreundliche_Arbeitsmobilit%C3%A4t/Chapman_2007_Transport_and_climate_change_a_review.pdf [accessed October 26th 2013]. Cheng, H., Hu, Y. (2010). Planning for sustainability in China’s urban development: Status and challenges for Dongtan eco-city project. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 12(1), pp. 119-126. [online] http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2010/em/b911473d/unauth#!divAbstract [accessed October 25th 2013]. Dargay, J., Gately, D., Sommer, M. (2007). Vehicle ownership and income growth, worldwide: 1960-2030. The Energy Journal. pp. 143-170. [online] http://www.xesc.cat/Et2050_Library/attachments/Imp_Vehicles_per_capita_2030.pdf [accessed October 25th 2013]. Gakenheimer, R. (1999). Urban mobility in the developing world. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33(7), 671-689. [online] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856499000051 [accessed October 22th 2013]. Gwilliam, K. (2003). Urban transport in developing countries. [online] Transport Reviews, 23(2), 197-216. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01441640309893#.Umwm7XCb55g [accessed October 20th 2013]. Kutzbach, M. J. (2009). Motorization in developing countries: Causes, consequences, and effectiveness of policy options. Journal of Urban Economics, 65(2), pp. 154-166. [online] https://webfiles.uci.edu/kutzbach/www/Kutzbach_Motorization_2008.pdf [accessed October 23th 2013]. TranSafety, (1998). Strategies for Solving Urban Transportation Problems in Developing Countries. Road Management Engineering Journal. [online] 1-800-777-2338 http://www.usroads.com/index.html [accessed October 22th 2013]. Transport Policy Advisory Services, (2010). Callenges of urban transport in developing countries- a summary. [online] http://www.sutp.org/ins-pol-supporting-docs?download=391:challenges-of-urban-transport-in-developing-countries-a-summary [accessed October 20th 2013]. Wright, L., Fulton, L. (2005). Climate change mitigation and transport in developing nations. Transport Reviews, 25(6), pp. 691-717. [online] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/messages/downloadsexceeded.html [accessed October 26th 2013]. Wright, L., Fulton, L. (2005). Climate change mitigation and transport in developing nations. Transport Reviews, 25(6), pp. 691-717. [online] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/messages/downloadsexceeded.html [accessed October 26th 2013]. How to cite Sustainable Transport Policy, Essay examples

Literacy Narrative Essay Example

Literacy Narrative Essay Literacy Narrative The anticipation of knowing whether we were going to be champions or not was very high as we played our hearts out on the court. Everything wed practiced for was being put to the test in this one moment. It all came down to this last lay-up. Did we get the point? When I was eleven years old I played recreational basketball with a nearby playground called Susan Park. Me and my little brother both were involved in almost every sport they offered. My favorites were volleyball and basketball. Going to practice was the highlight of my day. I really put my heart into these sports. Our basketball team this particular year was undefeated. As a post player and shooting guard there was a lot of pressure on me to get the ball to the goal at any cost and thats ultimately what I did in every game. It was our championship game and the heat was on like never before. Recruiters from the All-Stars team were there to watch us and pick their favorites so the pressure was definitely on for the players who were looking to take it to the next level. The game starts and were all basically in the warm-up stage of the game wed score, theyd score, nothing too intense. We will write a custom essay sample on Literacy Narrative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literacy Narrative specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literacy Narrative specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All of a sudden we start getting into the climax of the game, only about five minutes left. We were only two points away from beating them and it was up to one person on our team to step up and go for the game winning lay-up, that person was me. There were a few seconds left of the game and we still had to get up the court and to the goal. As the referee blew the whistle my heart sank but I knew what I had to do. The ball was passed to me and with no hesitation I ran down the court as if I was the only person out there and went up for the lay-up like a pro and I made it! This was definitely the best day of my life. The crowd rushed towards me and picked me up just like in the movies, I felt like a star! After the crowd and everything calmed down and came to an end a recruiter from the all-star team came up to me and extended invitation for me to tryout and hopefully being a member of the team. I was ecstatic about the opportunity and I did make it and went on to play for the Kenner All-Stars. This was definitely a memorable moment in my life and taught me to always go for even the things in life that you may doubt or be nervous about. Not all things are impossible.

Ulysses S Grant at the Battle of Shiloh

Ulysses S Grant at the Battle of Shiloh General Ulysses Grant’s overwhelming victories at Forts Henry and Donelson in February 1862 caused the withdrawal of Confederate forces not only from the State of Kentucky but also from most of Western Tennessee. Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston positioned his forces, numbered at 45,000 troops, at and around Corinth, Mississippi. This location was an important transportation center since it was a junction for both the Mobile Ohio and Memphis Charleston railroads, often referred to as the crossroads of the Confederacy. General Johnston Dies During a Sneak Attack By April 1862, Major General Grant’s Army of Tennessee had grown to nearly 49,000 soldiers. They needed a rest, so Grant made camp on the western side of the Tennessee River at Pittsburg Landing while he was awaiting re-enforcements and also training soldiers who had no battle experience. Grant was also planning with Brigadier General William T. Sherman for their attack on the Confederate Army at Corinth, Mississippi. Further, Grant was waiting for the Army of Ohio to arrive, commanded by Major General Don Carlos Buell.   Instead of sitting and waiting at Corinth, General Johnston had moved his Confederate troops near Pittsburg Landing. On the morning of April 6, 1862, Johnston made a surprise attack against Grant’s Army pushing their backs up against the Tennessee River. Around 2:15 p.m. that day, Johnston was shot behind his right knee and  died within an hour. Before his death, Johnston sent his personal physician to treat injured Union soldiers. There is speculation that Johnston didn’t feel the injury to his right knee due to numbness from a wound to his pelvis that he suffered from a duel fought during the Texas War for Independence in 1837. Grants Counter Attack The Confederate forces were now led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Though Grants forces were believed to be vulnerable, Beauregard made what would prove to be an unwise decision to cease fighting near dusk of that first day. That evening, Major General Buell and his 18,000 soldiers finally arrived at Grant’s camp near Pittsburg’s Landing. In the morning, Grant made his counter-attack against the Confederate forces resulting in a major victory for the Union Army. In addition, Grant and Sherman forged a close friendship on the Shiloh battlefield that remained with them throughout the Civil War and arguably led to the ultimate victory by Union at the end of this conflict.   Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh is probably one of the most significant battles of the Civil War. In addition to losing the battle, the Confederacy suffered a loss that may have cost them the war- Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston’s death that happened on the first day of the battle. History has considered General Johnston to have been the Confederacy’s most able commander at the time of his death – Robert E. Lee was not a field commander at this time- as Johnston had been a career military officer with over 30 years of active experience. By the end of the war, Johnston would be the highest ranking officer killed on either side.   The Battle of Shiloh was the deadliest battle in the history of the U.S. up until that time with casualties that exceeded a total of 23,000 for both sides. After the Battle of Shiloh, it was quite clear to Grant that the only way to defeat the Confederacy would be to destroy their armies. Grant Excels Despite His Alcoholism Although Grant received both praise and criticism for his actions leading up to and during the Battle of Shiloh, Major General Henry Halleck removed Grant from command of the Army of the Tennessee and transferred command to Brigadier General George H. Thomas. Halleck based his decision partially on allegations of alcoholism on the part of Grant and promoted Grant to the position of being second-in-command of the western armies, which essentially removed Grant from being an active field commander. Grant wanted to command, and he was ready to resign and walk away until Sherman convinced him otherwise. After Shiloh, Halleck made a snail crawl to Corinth, Mississippi taking 30 days to move his army 19 miles and in the process allowed the entire Confederate force stationed there just to walk away. Needless to say, Grant was returned to his position of commanding the Army of the Tennessee and Halleck became the Union’s general-in-chief. This means that Halleck moved away from the front and became a bureaucrat whose major responsibility was the coordination of all Union forces in the field. This was a key decision as Halleck was able to excel in this position and work well with Grant as they continued to fight the Confederacy.

Book Club Discussion Questions for When You Reach Me

Book Club Discussion Questions for 'When You Reach Me' When You Reach Me by Rebecca Stead is a young adult novel that will delight adults and youth alike. Use these book club discussion questions on When You Reach Me by Rebecca Stead to lead your book club or reading group into Steads book. Book Club Discussion Questions  for  When You Reach Me Spoiler Warning: These book club discussion questions reveal important details about When You Reach Me by Rebecca Stead. Finish the book before reading on. How did the 20,000 Pyramid play a role in the story? How did her mothers quest with the game show mirror Mirandas quest to make sense of her life?Did you have trouble understanding the concept of time travel allowing something to happen before the person actually traveled back in time? Or did Malcolm and Julias explanations make sense to you?Malcolm tells Miranda, Einstein says common sense is just a habit of thought. Its how were used to thinking about things, but a lot of time it just gets in the way of whats true (51). Do you think thats true? Have you ever had to let go of assumptions in order to see the truth? Have you ever known anyone who was very smart but did not seem to have any common sense? Would you rather have a lot of common sense or the ability to see a few profound truths that other people miss?At what point did you realize the laughing man was Malcolm?Were you satisfied with the way all the mysteries came together in the end?A Wrinkle in Time by Madeline LEngle has a big impact on Miranda, but also on Rebecca Stead and the idea for this book. Did reading When You Reach Me make you want to read A Wrinkle in Time again? Is there any book that took hold of you the way A Wrinkle in Time took hold of Miranda―that you read and reread either as a child or an adult?How does Miranda change in this book? In what ways do her relationships with her mother and friends mature?Rate When You Reach Me on a scale of 1 to 5.

Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engineering - Essay Example I have always had interest in construction. Since my childhood, I used to draw pictures of structures like homes and buildings in MS-Paint. Later, I learnt how to draw them on Auto-CAD. I have all the interest and the sense of creativity it takes to come up with unique designs and styles of construction, but that is not sufficient unless my structures are structurally safe to live in. This is what I primarily want to gain the knowledge of Civil Engineering for. Once I have gained my degree, I intend to establish my own construction firm through which, I shall take projects and execute them using my knowledge of design and analysis of structures as well as project management. I believe that Civil Engineering can never run out of scope because the demolishing and reconstruction has always been an essential part of development nearly all over the world. So I would have plentiful opportunities of work wherever I

Management of Production and Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management of Production and Operations - Essay Example The idea of having a supply chain within management became of immense importance in the beginning of the 20th century, when assembly lines were created. However it was not until the 1980s that the phrase SCM was by a consultant in the U.S. industry coined. The characteristics of the creation era of SCM include the need for re-engineering, large-scale changes, downsizing and extensive attention accorded to the practice of management by the Japanese (Lavassani et al., 2008b). The Integration era of SCM studies was brought around by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems developments which occurred from the 1960s-1990s due to the launching of the Enterprise Resource Planning systems (Lavassani et al., 2008b). Given the advancement in collaborative systems that is internet based, the Integration era has continued to develop. It is characterized not only by cost reduction using integration but by the increase in value addition as well. Globalization era is the third movement of SCM development. The attention accorded to global systems dealing with supplier relationships and the getting bigger of organizations’ supply chains across national boundaries into other continents is what characterizes this era. The supply chain of organizations, especially those organizations in the oil industry, started using global sources several decades ago. However it was not until the late 1980s that global sources were integrated into the core businesses of considerable numbers of organizations according to Lavassani et al. (2008b). The globalization of SCM in organizations with the aim of boosting their value addition, competitive advantage and cost reduction through global sourcing is what characterizes the globalization era. Phase one of the specialization era revolves around Outsourced Manufacturing and Distribution (OMD). Adoption of a specialization era and renewed focus on core

The Breakdown of the Carbone family in A View From The Bridge :: A View from the Bridge, Arthur Miller

Trace the Breakdown of the Carbone family in A View From The Bridge New York in the 1940’s the United States welcomed immigrants from all over Europe but especially Italy, the only problem with these immigrants was, most where illegal. The Italians, starved from the depression of World War One fled their homes and sometimes families for a better life in America. This often worked because the areas where you went to live often contained more people of the same race and as they say ‘blood is thicker than water’ to these people so one person wouldn’t tell on another for hiding or being an illegal immigrant. One problem though, this being to get to America you had to be smuggled in by the Mafia, this happened to cost an arm and a leg which means your in debt to the Mafias, so when and if, you get to America most of the money you earned went to the Mafias, so it was a hard life but better than the one you had. This play is about two Italians that decide to take this risk, but what will happen as a cause of this†¦ Catherine Carbone is Eddie Carbone’ niece, she is a 17 year old girl and is strikingly good looking. On the other hand Eddie is a 40, husky, slightly overweight long shore man, one problem though he has a thing for Catherine, but Eddie knows he can’t have her, so because he can’t have here no one else can either, or you might say, Eddie Carbone ‘ wont settle for half ’, but a good looking 17 year old isn’t going to stay single for long, this creates a dilemma for Eddie. Catherine has spent pretty much all her life with Eddie so she has become very attached, for example, ‘you sit on the edge of the bathtub talking to him when he’s shaving’ in his underwear’, she thinks she is just talking to him, where as Eddie thinks that she is trying to say something and it’s not. So from an early age she has been manipulated by Eddie, making him seem the only one to trust and to believe every word he says, for example, ‘I wish there was one guy you couldn’t tell me things about!’ showing that if Eddie found a guy that Eddie didn’t now bad things about he would be a good guy to go out with but, Eddie isn’t going to find any won like. Beatrice is petrified of Eddie and he uses this to his advantage. Making Beatrice feel sorry for him when he’s being rude to her, ‘when

An Analytical Study Of Alternative Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

In today ‘s industrial society, the hereafter of the planet and its resources are ever something that is in the heads of universe leaders. The natural resources of the planet ca n't last everlastingly and solutions are seeking to be found. While some states are on the manner to a â€Å" greener † manner, other states lag behind and are utilizing up finite resources. Researching alternate energies could hold its benefits but some argument if its cost and other complications might outweigh the benefits. As with every new thought that comes to light, there are two or more sides and sentiments of what is right. One side is that non-renewable dodo fuels are traveling to stop and new beginnings of renewable power demand to be incorporated into today ‘s universe. In a book by David Craddock, Shane Jordan writes a preface about alternate energies. He states that the universe has two option of where to travel following ( 12 ) . One option has pollution, agony, and resources deceasing, while the other has clean skies and oceans and a brighter hereafter. He argues that it is a large determination to do and trust the right pick made. Resources are dwindling and fuels that are used today are holding an consequence on the environment around us. He argues that people have been utilizing up fossil fuels with no respect for the effects to come, as he points out: planetary heating. In the past old ages, people have been seeking to alter the beginning of our energy to something renewable and n on harmful to the environment. New beginnings of energy have been found and renewable energies are the fasted turning energy beginning today. Renewable energy is easy replenished. Beginnings from nature like air current, solar, tidal, and moving ridges can be used to power things and are non harmful to the environment. With lifting costs of fossil fuels, these new beginnings of alternate energy are even more appealing. David Craddock argues that we are sing planetary energy and pollution jobs because we are so dependent on fossil fuels ( 16 ) . These fuels are over 80 per centum of the worldwide energy ingestion. If we had renewable, alternate energies to utilize so there would be less dependence on things that we can ne'er acquire back once more. He declares that when fossil fuels are burned, they release rough chemicals into the air and atmosphere. This amendss people and the environment in the long tally and it is already taking its toll. He argues that it is non a inquiry of if fossil fuels will run out, but when ( 17 ) . The new alternate energy beginnings can be found about anyplace. Solar, H2O, and air current can be found fundamentally anyplace on the planet. Unlike today ‘s energy, where two tierces of oil are found in the Middle East and are capable to oil invasions. Renewable energy is in high sentiment to the public but public functionaries and politicians are more wary and hesitating the brand the alteration because of the cost associated with it. Craddock states that renewable energy costs have gone down and will go on to worsen ( 19 ) . Particularly with fossil fuels consuming and their cost rise, alternate energy, like solar, air current, and H2O, is the clear and logical option. He even states that different beginnings have different costs and benefits and one beginning may be better than the other ( 18-19 ) . While some protest planetary heating, others have Numberss that might call on the carpet those who think it is a myth. â€Å" Before the industrial revolution, the Earth ‘s ambiance contained 280 parts per million of C dioxide. That was good sum†¦ Once we started firing coal and gas and oil to power our lives, that 280 figure started to lift. When we began mensurating in the late fiftiess, it had already reached the 315 degree. Now it ‘s at 380, an increasing by approximately two parts per million yearly † . Since some deny planetary heating and believe the beginnings of energy we have now are all right, this grounds shows that temperatures are lifting and there is more C dioxide in the ambiance and ice on the Earth is runing which causes the H2O degrees to lift, seasons, and rainfall forms ( McKibben 5 ) . Therefore, protagonists of alternate energy see these Numberss and hunt farther for solutions and the convince those opposed to utilizing alternate energy. While some argument the cost of alternate energy, the other side argues that the equipment to utilize the energy is the cost and the existent energy is free. Harmonizing to McKibben, â€Å" The monetary value ticket for the planetary passage will be in the millions of dollars. Of class, along the manner it will make countless new occupations, and when it is complete, it may be a much more elegant system. † His point is that air current, Sun, and other natural resources are free and states ca n't command it or have it ( 5 ) . It is argued that in the long tally, the cost will be less and it will last for much longer than fossil fuels used today. As quoted above, there will no longer be battles over fuels. In past and present, there are wars over oil and some of these issues could be resolved if there were renewable energies to be used without international trading or struggle ( McKibben 5-6 ) . Even though fossil fuels are non renewable, their power is undeniable. Natural beginnings ca n't vie with their powerful flawlessness, but with more development, flawlessness could be possible. Some natural beginnings, like air current, are merely useable in some countries. But when they are used, they work really good. Even in the past 10 old ages engineering for energy has grown significantly. No affair the pick of what is made, the monetary value of gasolene and energy will travel up and the effects of either pick ca n't be given to the future coevalss ( Nersesian 382 ) . Since renewable and alternate energy is a immense argument around to universe, some states are following new ways and it has an affect on the planetary economic system. Asia has adopted new engineerings to convey H2O to drier topographic points and bring forth energy from it ( Moeller 17 ) . With this illustration, other states are besides get downing to integrate new things that will salvage energy. The UK could be in front since they could hold zero C emanations by 2030. The scheme is called Zero Carbon Britain 2030 and they would trust merely on renewable energies like solar, air current, and H2O ( Eisberg 12 ) .With this new thought and survey, some people for the acceptance of alternate energy think that this is hopeful and it gives support to their cause. Though the UK is little, turn outing that alternate energy beginnings could power the state shows that it is possible and within range in the non excessively distant hereafter. Whether or non it the new scheme is adopted can b e a mark as to if the renewable beginnings are effectual and efficient. But if it is set in topographic point, it could get down other states into developing their ain program to hold zero C emanations and lower the pollution from their state ( Eisberg 12 ) . Since the cost is a immense portion of the what makes people against renewable energy, doing a higher cost to foul and utilize fossil fuels could be a manner to actuate people to exchange. Some think that taxing C emanations. But if this happened, it could be hurt alternatively of aid. Peoples who are hapless would merely acquire poorer and there would necessitate to be a manner to calculate out how to non make more harm than good ( McKibben 7 ) . McKibben besides stated that possibly revenue enhancements on things that benefit people be cut such as payroll checks and things that do n't profit us be taxed, like C emanations ( 7 ) . This could besides convey on many jobs and most significantly, would n't travel over good with people or politicians ( McKibben 7-8 ) . On the other side of the alternate energy argument are those who think people should lodge with fossil fuels. The chief statement against alternate and renewable energy is the high cost. Some argue that solar energy, for illustration, is 10 times higher in cost than fossil fuels. Robert L. Bradley Jr. argues that renewable energy is twice every bit expensive as fossil fuels and three times more expensive as excess electricity, on norm. He besides argues that the renewable energy market is besides non every bit competitory as dodo fuels which may maintain monetary values of alternate energy beginnings high ( Bradley 1-5 ) . With concerns over the monetary value of new energy beginnings, some offer thoughts for solutions to take down costs. Harmonizing to Christopher Simon, â€Å" To avoid lifting monetary values, demand for fossil fuels must be curtailed and the development of feasible replacings fuels must quickly continue † ( 6 ) . With today ‘s pitiless universe economic system and money system, some believe that this will ne'er be possible. With the inexpensive monetary values of oil and other dodo fuels compared with renewable energies, it seems improbable that there could be an efficient passage. Some say that while demand creates supply, the demand is n't high plenty to compare the cost to alter the fuels used. Besides, that even if there were to be a planetary passage, the energy created would n't be able to cover the demand for energy ( Simon 7-9 ) . The cost of alternate fuels is the chief concern of people when they hear about alternate energy and it is non without ground. Jonathan Katz provinces, â€Å" The primary challenge for all types of alternate energy is cost, and in peculiar it ‘s cost comparative to conventional fossil fuels. There is an copiousness of agricultural waste that could be converted into biofuel, but the cost of biofuel is more than petroleum-based fuels, so there is a limited biofuel market. The same can be said for municipal waste, solar energy, air current power, etc†¦ .the processing required to change over it to a useable signifier is frequently expensive due to the cost of equipment, limited production graduated table, etc. † ( 2 ) . Because alternate energy, renewable energy, and planetary heating are a big portion of what is heard on the intelligence and in the media, people ever hear about it on manner or another. When a subject that has more that one side arises, one side can dominate the other. Some people that think planetary heating is non a job are normally set aside and non heard from regardless of if their statement has merit ( Derr 9 ) . Derr besides states that in response to Al Gore ‘s film about planetary heating, An Inconvenient Truth, a British telecasting manufacturer created a film rebuting Gore ‘s statements. Many people have non heard of this film because he was non allowed to demo it ( Derr 9 ) . Adding to this, maintaining one side of the statement in the dark is one of the grounds why some argue that the argument is nonreversible and unjust. With the media being such a immense portion of what people see, hear, and believe, some think that this is why all of the grounds why they think alternate energy is non needed is because if this ( 9-10 ) . Derr argues that clime alterations are a portion of how the planet plants and are a natural portion of the Earth ‘s life. Harmonizing to Derr, â€Å" The current warming tendency dates merely about 1975. Before that, a marked chilling period get downing about 1940 led scientific consensus of the 1970s to proclaim planetary chilling and possibly the first marks of an ice age † ( Derr 10 ) . He states that history is full of periods like today that were warmer than they were in the yesteryear. Geologist have proven that big clime alterations have dated all the manner back to prehistoric culture. They determined this by analysing tree rings, ice-core samples, and ocean-bottom deposit. Scientists have determined that these swings occur every 1500 old ages and the forms have nil to make with what people do or set into the air and the clime alterations come before additions in C dioxide ( Derr 10 ) . Harmonizing to those who have similar point of views, researching alternate e nergy is a waste of clip and money because the clime alteration is a natural rhythm and will travel through its natural procedure as it has done in the past ( 10-11 ) . This sentiment could surely hold an consequence on the public and alteration whether or non new alternate energy could be incorporated into mundane life. Others believe that new energy beginnings are out at that place but the current 1s, like solar, air current, and H2O, are non the reply. One point of view is that we should alternatively look into new beginnings to change over into fuel. Fabien Deswarte thinks that things like wheat, wood, straw and other things should be used and converted into bioethanol. By tackling cellulose alternatively of amylum, we could happen a manner to utilize nutrient and waste to fuel today ‘s society. Harmonizing to protagonists of this statement, utilizing these new engineerings could be more effectual and will last longer because people ever will be devouring and utilizing agribusiness. With today ‘s ever-changing society, new energy beginnings are everyplace. Everyone has a different point of view and plausible solution. Keeping with present industries could harm the environment but the solutions presented may non be one hundred per centum effectual. With clip, honing of current solutions is coming and the issues could be worked out. Such a major subject as alternate energy will non happen an reply shortly but advancement in the field is ever something that is in the hereafter. By looking at all the facts and point of views, people can make up one's mind for themselves what actions to take and how to promote alteration or deficiency of alteration to their day-to-day lives.

Democracy in Pakistan - 1572 Words

DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN OUTLINES 1. Introduction 2. What is democracy? 3. Nature of democracy. 4. Beginning of democracy 5. Democracy since creation 6. Causes of failure of democracy 7. Impacts of democracy 8. Measures for the survival of democracy 9. Conclusion â€Å"The essence of democracy is its assurance that people should so respect himself and should be so respected in his own personality that he should have opportunity equal to that of every other human being to show what he was meant to become.† Ana Garlin Spencer Democracy is the most powerful foam of government. It is also regarded as the decisive foam of government. It requires active participation of people in the decision making process. Without public collaboration, democracy†¦show more content†¦In Pakistan, democracy faced four military intrusions, which was the menace for democracy. Massive corruption paved the way for military to intervene in the internal affairs of country. After independence, massive corruption started to great extent. It gave path to military elite to rule Pakistan. Lack of accountability is known as threat for any institution. In the absence of accountability no country can maintain its strong foothold. It causes a lot of trouble. Since inception, Pakistan has been facing the challenge of lack of aacountability.this is main reason of democratic downfall. Weak infrastructure of Pakistan has been creating a lot of issues. Massive corruption make infrastructure weak and futile. In the presence of corruption and absence of accountability make infrastructure weak. Weakness of infrastructure is creating constraints in the path of democracy. Feudalism is threat to democracy. After emergence, feudal class had more power and wealth. This class created barriers in the way of democracy. Since independence, institutional crises have been viewed. Clash between judiciary and executive class is a threat to democratic practice. Lack of consensus is making commotion. A constitutional crisis is regarded as a definite threat to democratic procedure. After independence Pakistan took long seven year in drafting constitution. Certain pitfall also aroused in the path of drafting constitution. AfterShow MoreRelatedDemocracy in Pakistan3244 Words   |  13 PagesDemocracy:-Government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. Background:- Pakistan got Independence in 1947 and appeared on the world map as a Islamic Republic State. 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The investigation of decentralization uncovers the interior Shortcomings of the political framework Furthermore it Additionally uncovers that now and again in the political history about pakistan those politicalRead MoreIndia And Pakist An Ideal Comparative Pair Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1947, India and Pakistan became newly independent states, leaving behind British colonial rule. Due to the shared geographical location, background and culture between these nations, these two countries have often been compared against each other. However, since earning independence, India and Pakistan have undergone significantly different political trajectories. This paper will explore various factors that have impacted the nation-building of these countries and understand why India has beenRead MoreCould Dictatorships be a Better Option for Developing Countries?859 Words   |  4 Pagescalled democracy†, (Aristotle) the Greek or more precisely Aristotle defined democracy this way. 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However, one of the most defining